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From mechanical stimulus to bone formation: A review.

Natacha Rosa1, Ricardo Simoes2, Fernão D Magalhães3

  • 1DEMec, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.

Medical Engineering & Physics
|June 29, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Bone adapts its mass and structure to mechanical forces through complex processes. This review details current research on bone mechanotransduction, stimuli origins, and testing methods.

Keywords:
BoneMechanical stimulusMechanotransductionMusclesOsteocyteTest model

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Skeletal Biology
  • Mechanobiology

Background:

  • Bone tissue exhibits adaptive plasticity in response to external stimuli.
  • Mechanical forces significantly influence bone mass and structural development.
  • Understanding bone adaptation involves multidisciplinary concepts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of research on mechanical forces and bone adaptation.
  • To clarify fundamental concepts in bone mechanotransduction.
  • To highlight common experimental systems used in bone mechanobiology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of state-of-the-art studies.
  • Analysis of biomechanisms in mechanotransduction.
  • Discussion of physiological bone stimuli and testing systems.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in understanding bone adaptation to mechanical stimuli.
  • Key aspects of mechanical stimulus origin, mechanotransduction pathways, and physiological stimuli are clarified.
  • Commonly used test systems for studying bone mechanical stimulation are presented.

Conclusions:

  • The review provides a comprehensive overview of bone mechanobiology.
  • It synthesizes current knowledge on how bone responds to mechanical cues.
  • It serves as a resource for understanding bone adaptation mechanisms.