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Global Burden of Neural Tube Defects, Risk Factors, and Prevention.

A L Flores1, C Vellozzi1, D Valencia1

  • 1Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.

Indian Journal of Community Health
|June 30, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are preventable with folic acid, yet access to supplements and fortified foods remains limited globally, especially in low-resource regions. Improved surveillance and fortification policies are crucial for NTD prevention and child mortality reduction.

Keywords:
Birth defectsNeural Tube DefectsSouth East Asia

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Maternal and Child Health
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Neural tube defects (NTDs) are severe congenital anomalies affecting the brain and spine, leading to significant mortality and disability worldwide.
  • An estimated 300,000 births annually are impacted by NTDs, with a disproportionately high burden in South East Asia.
  • Prevention is possible through adequate folic acid intake during early pregnancy, but access to fortified foods and supplements is a major barrier in many regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the global impact and preventability of neural tube defects (NTDs).
  • To underscore the critical need for improved access to folic acid fortification and supplementation programs.
  • To emphasize the importance of birth defect surveillance for informing public health interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of global NTD prevalence and risk factors.
  • Analysis of current folic acid fortification and supplementation strategies.
  • Assessment of data gaps in birth defect surveillance in low and middle-income countries.

Main Results:

  • NTDs pose a substantial global health challenge, preventable with folic acid.
  • Limited access to folic acid interventions and inadequate surveillance data hinder prevention efforts, particularly in South East Asia.
  • Current initiatives fall short of meeting global targets for NTD reduction.

Conclusions:

  • Expanding folic acid fortification and supplementation programs is essential for reducing NTD prevalence.
  • Strengthening birth defect surveillance systems is critical for effective public health planning and intervention.
  • Global collaboration is needed to achieve reductions in NTDs and child mortality, aligning with UN and WHO goals.