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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

3.6K
Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
3.6K
Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

27.3K
An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
27.3K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

11.7K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
11.7K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

21.2K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
21.2K
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

91
Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
91
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

31.9K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
31.9K

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Related Experiment Video

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Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals
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Anharmonic lattice interactions in improper ferroelectrics for multiferroic design.

Joshua Young1, Alessandro Stroppa, Silvia Picozzi

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|July 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explore how cooperative atomic displacements in magnetic materials can induce ferroelectricity. This review focuses on anharmonic multi-mode coupling to design new multiferroic materials for low-power electronics.

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Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides
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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Chemistry

Background:

  • Multiferroic materials, exhibiting both ferroelectricity and magnetism, are crucial for advanced low-power electronic devices.
  • A key challenge is the incompatibility of mechanisms driving these properties or their occurrence below room temperature.
  • A promising strategy involves inducing electric polarization in existing magnetic materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of microscopic mechanisms driving ferroelectricity via anharmonic multi-mode coupling in magnetic dielectrics.
  • To classify non-polar lattice modes and explain their coupling to generate spontaneous polarization.
  • To survey recent literature on improper ferroelectrics and propose a classification scheme for designing magnetic ferroelectrics.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewing microscopic mechanisms of cooperative atomic displacements.
  • Analyzing anharmonic interactions coupling multiple lattice modes.
  • Classifying non-polar lattice modes and their role in inducing ferroelectricity.
  • Surveying and categorizing recent improper ferroelectric materials.

Main Results:

  • Detailed explanation of how anharmonic multi-mode coupling leads to ferroelectricity in magnetic materials.
  • Identification of material types conducive to lattice instabilities for ferroelectric properties.
  • A classification scheme for improper ferroelectrics, guiding future material design.

Conclusions:

  • Anharmonic multi-mode coupling is a viable pathway for designing novel magnetic improper ferroelectrics.
  • The proposed classification scheme aids in identifying and designing materials with desired multiferroic properties.
  • Future research directions and challenges in discovering new magnetic ferroelectrics are outlined.