Evaluation of pulmonary function changes in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Upper Egypt
Ismail L Mohamad1, Khaled Saad2, Ali Abdel-Azeem3
1Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt.
Insights
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children impairs lung function. Poor glycemic control significantly worsens this lung impairment, highlighting the need for better diabetes management in pediatric populations.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Endocrinology
- Pulmonology
- Metabolic Disorders
Background:
- Diabetes mellitus is a significant global health concern in children, contributing to morbidity, mortality, and rising healthcare costs.
- There is a notable lack of data regarding lung dysfunction specifically in pediatric populations with diabetes.
- Understanding the impact of diabetes on respiratory health in children is crucial for comprehensive care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate and quantify pulmonary function changes in children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
- To assess the relationship between glycemic control and the severity of lung function impairment in pediatric T1DM patients.
Main Methods:
- A comparative study involving 60 children with T1DM and 50 healthy controls.
- Spirometry was utilized to measure key pulmonary function parameters: forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR).
- Glycemic control was evaluated using glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, categorizing patients into good (<8%) and poor (⩾8%) control groups.
Main Results:
- Children with T1DM exhibited statistically significant reductions in all measured spirometric parameters compared to healthy controls.
- A marked impairment in lung function was observed in diabetic children with poor glycemic control relative to those with good control.
- These findings indicate a direct correlation between suboptimal blood glucose management and diminished respiratory capacity.
Conclusions:
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus negatively impacts lung function in children.
- The degree of lung function impairment in pediatric T1DM is exacerbated by poor glycemic control.
- Effective diabetes management is essential to mitigate respiratory complications in children with T1DM.
Background:
Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children across the world and is responsible for a growing proportion of global healthcare expenditure. However, limited data are available on lung dysfunction in children with diabetes.
Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the pulmonary function changes in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
Methods:
We studied 60 children with T1DM (mean age 10.5 ± 2.32 years; disease duration 2.45 ± 0.6 years, and 50 healthy control children (mean age 9.9 ± 2.5 years). Spirometry was performed for all individuals to measure forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Glycemic control was assessed on the basis of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), with HbA1c values <8% considered to indicate good glycemic control, and HbA1c values ⩾8% to indicate poor control.
Results:
There was significant reduction in all spirometeric parameters in diabetic children in comparison with healthy control children. Children with poor glycemic control had significant impairment in lung functions compared with those with good glycemic control.
Conclusions:
T1DM in children leads to impairment of lung functions and this impairment increases with poor glycemic control.
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