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Updated: Apr 7, 2026

In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in the Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye: A Focus on Imaging Protocols and Interpretation
Published on: November 11, 2025
[Ligneous conjunctivitis]
M Bauer1, S Koinzer2, I Oschlies3
1Klinik für Ophthalmologie, UKSH, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105, Kiel, Deutschland. maya.bauer@uksh.de.
Case Report:
We report the case of a 3-year-old female patient with therapy refractive recurrent conjunctivitis and membrane formation of the upper eyelid. After surgical removal the histological examination showed an image compatible with ligneous conjunctivitis. A manifest serum plasminogen deficiency (22 %) supported the diagnosis.
Treatment:
The treatment with corticosteroids, heparin-containing and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) eye drops, renewed surgical ablation with perioperative intravenous FFP administration and local cyclosporine A eye drops achieved a stable condition with low disease activity.
Conclusion:
The combination of these therapy approaches has been performed here for the first time and has not been described in the literature so far.
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