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Organellar non-coding RNAs: emerging regulation mechanisms
André Dietrich1, Clémentine Wallet1, Rana Khalid Iqbal1
1Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS and Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
Biochimie
|July 6, 2015
Summary
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for regulating mitochondria and chloroplasts. This review explores their diverse roles and origins across various organisms, highlighting current knowledge gaps.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) traditionally regulate nuclear and cytosolic functions.
- Emerging evidence shows ncRNAs also play roles in mitochondria and chloroplasts.
- Organelles possess unique genetic systems requiring coordination with cellular demands.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize current knowledge on ncRNAs in mitochondria and chloroplasts.
- To explore the origin, trafficking, and functional implications of organellar ncRNAs.
- To highlight unanswered questions and future research directions in this field.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on ncRNAs in mitochondria and chloroplasts.
- Analysis of studies investigating ncRNA association with organelle function in mammals, protozoa, and plants.
- Synthesis of data regarding ncRNA origins from organellar genomes and nuclear genomes.
Main Results:
- Nuclear-encoded microRNAs are found in mammalian mitochondria, regulating transcription and translation.
- Mitochondrial genomes produce ncRNAs, potentially involved in RNA interference pathways.
- ncRNAs are implicated in RNA editing in protozoa and plants, and numerous candidates exist in chloroplasts.
Conclusions:
- The role and regulation of ncRNAs in organelles are complex and not fully understood.
- ncRNAs originating from both nuclear and organellar genomes contribute to organelle function.
- Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms and functional significance of organellar ncRNAs.
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