The immune response to surgery and infection
Aleksandra M Dąbrowska1, Robert Słotwiński2
1Department of Immunology, Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Central-European Journal of Immunology
|July 9, 2015
Summary
Surgical trauma significantly impacts the immune system, increasing risks of infection and tumor growth. Understanding and regulating immune responses post-surgery is crucial for patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Surgical Pathology
- Oncology
Background:
- Surgical trauma profoundly affects innate and acquired immunity.
- Immune dysfunction severity correlates with trauma extent, patient disease (e.g., cancer), infections, and nutritional status.
- Postoperative immune disorders can lead to high-mortality septic complications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the key characteristics of the immune response to surgical trauma.
- To explore potential strategies for modulating the immune response following surgery.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of immune responses to surgical trauma.
- Analysis of factors influencing immune disorders post-surgery.
- Discussion of systemic inflammatory immune response (SIRS) and compensatory anti-inflammatory immune response (CARS) in surgical patients.
Main Results:
- Major surgery, especially in cancer patients, triggers both pro-inflammatory (SIRS) and anti-inflammatory (CARS) processes.
- Sustained postoperative immunosuppression is a significant concern, particularly in cancer surgery.
- Immune suppression post-surgery can exacerbate septic complications and promote tumor progression and metastasis.
Conclusions:
- Surgical trauma induces complex immune alterations, including immunosuppression.
- Effective regulation of the immune response is essential to mitigate complications and improve outcomes in surgical patients, especially those with cancer.
Related Concept Videos
01:40Cell-mediated Immune Responses
86.9K
Overview
86.9K
01:26Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
14.6K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
14.6K
01:30Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular
18.9K
The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
18.9K
01:28Inflammatory Response
19.3K
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
19.3K
01:24Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair
9.4K
The immune system's inflammatory response destroys the invading pathogen, permitting the tissue to heal. The changes during the cellular and vascular stages allow exudate formation at the site of inflammation. The inflammatory exudate released from the wound has high protein content and a specific gravity above 1.020.
The typical wound exudate is odorless, transparent, straw-colored, thin, and watery. Exudate, however, can differ depending on the state of wound healing. Likewise, the...
The typical wound exudate is odorless, transparent, straw-colored, thin, and watery. Exudate, however, can differ depending on the state of wound healing. Likewise, the...
9.4K
01:26Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure
817
Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living...
817