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Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
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Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, or CMRI, is a non-invasive diagnostic test that employs a magnetic field and radiofrequency waves to create precise images of the heart and arteries. It provides comprehensive information about cardiac anatomy, function, perfusion, and tissue characterization without ionizing radiation.IndicationsCMRI diagnoses various heart conditions, including tissue damage from heart attacks, ischemic heart disease, myocarditis, aortic issues (tears, aneurysms,...
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Cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning is an advanced cardiac imaging technique that utilizes CT technology, with or without intravenous (IV) contrast, to produce accurate cross-sectional virtual slices of specific areas of the heart, coronary circulation, and major blood vessels such as the aorta, pulmonary veins, and arteries. The computer processes these slices to generate three-dimensional images. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is a rapid form of CT scanning that captures multiple slices...
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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ventilation Perfusion Scans are two radiological investigations that offer detailed diagnostic images of the body, particularly lung structures.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Advanced Diffusion Imaging in The Hippocampus of Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
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Multi-Center Study of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Coma After Cardiac Arrest.

K G Hirsch1, M Mlynash2, I Eyngorn2

  • 1Stanford Stroke and Neurocritical Care Program, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. kghirsch@yahoo.com.

Neurocritical Care
|July 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Brain diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI MRI) can predict outcomes in cardiac arrest survivors. A specific apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) threshold in brain volume helps differentiate good versus poor outcomes in comatose patients.

Keywords:
Cardiac arrestComaDWIMRIPrognosis

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Predicting outcomes for cardiac arrest survivors with acute coma is challenging.
  • Brain diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI MRI) shows promise as a prognostic tool.
  • This multi-center study evaluated established DWI MRI thresholds for outcome prediction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the predictive value of previously defined DWI MRI apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) thresholds.
  • To determine the correlation between ADC values and brain volumes with patient outcomes.
  • To validate DWI MRI as a prognostic tool in a multi-center cohort of comatose cardiac arrest survivors.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective observational study of comatose post-cardiac arrest patients.
  • Analysis of brain DWI MRIs to determine apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values.
  • Correlation of ADC thresholds and affected brain volumes with defined poor outcomes (lack of consciousness or death).

Main Results:

  • 125 patients were analyzed; 33 (26%) had a good outcome.
  • An ADC value < 650 × 10(-6) mm(2)/s in ≥10% of brain volume predicted poor outcome with 91% specificity and 72% sensitivity.
  • This DWI MRI threshold was an independent predictor of poor outcome (p = 0.002).

Conclusions:

  • Quantitative DWI MRI findings correlate with early consciousness recovery in comatose cardiac arrest survivors.
  • A DWI MRI threshold of 650 × 10(-6) mm(2)/s in ≥10% brain volume differentiates good from poor outcomes.
  • While useful, this threshold was not 100% specific for poor outcomes in this cohort.