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Is smoking a risk factor for lumbar disc herniation?
Weimin Huang1, Ying Qian2, Kai Zheng1
1Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Jinan Military Commanding Region, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
Summary
Cigarette smoking is linked to an increased risk of developing lumbar disc herniation (LDH). This systematic review found a significant association, highlighting smoking as a contributing factor to LDH.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common cause of low back pain.
- The role of lifestyle factors, such as smoking, in LDH development requires further elucidation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically evaluate the association between cigarette smoking and lumbar disc herniation (LDH).
Main Methods:
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort and case-control studies.
- Searches conducted across major databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, BIOSIS) up to December 2014.
- Random effects model used for data synthesis, with subgroup and sensitivity analyses performed.
Main Results:
- Twelve studies (six cohort, six case-control) were included.
- A statistically significant association between smoking and LDH was observed.
- The overall relative risk for smoking and LDH was 1.27 (95% CI, 1.15-1.40), with higher risk in case-control studies.
Conclusions:
- This systematic review provides robust evidence that smoking promotes the development of lumbar disc herniation.
- Findings underscore the importance of smoking cessation for preventing LDH.
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