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Related Experiment Videos

Stereopsis testing in 18- to 35-month-old children using operant preferential looking.

E B Ciner1, M M Scheiman, E Schanel-Klitsch

  • 1Pennsylvania College of Optometry, Philadelphia.

Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry
|November 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

A new method called operant preferential looking (OPL) effectively assesses stereopsis in young children. This visual assessment is easier for toddlers than the Random Dot E test, especially for those under 24 months.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Vision Science

Background:

  • Assessing stereopsis, or depth perception, in very young children is crucial for early detection of visual impairments.
  • Traditional methods like the Random Dot E (RDE) test can be challenging for toddlers to complete, potentially leading to underdiagnosis.
  • A more accessible and reliable method for evaluating stereopsis in infants and toddlers is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of a novel forced-choice operant preferential looking (OPL) procedure for assessing stereopsis in children aged 18–35 months.
  • To compare the completion rates and feasibility of the OPL method against the established Random Dot E (RDE) test in this age group.

Main Methods:

  • Eighty-three children (18–35 months) who passed vision screening were tested using a ring-shaped random dot target designed to elicit preferential looking based on depth.

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  • Food reinforcement was employed to encourage sustained visual attention to the target.
  • The Random Dot E (RDE) test was administered as a comparative measure of stereopsis.

    • Main Results:

    • Only 4 out of 83 children were unable to complete the OPL testing.
    • In contrast, 31 children could not complete the RDE test, with this difficulty being more pronounced in children under 24 months.
    • The OPL procedure demonstrated a significantly higher completion rate compared to the RDE test.

    Conclusions:

    • Forced-choice operant preferential looking (OPL) is a feasible and effective technique for evaluating stereopsis in children as young as 18 months.
    • The OPL method offers a significant advantage in completion rates over the RDE test, particularly for children under two years of age.
    • This innovative procedure provides a valuable tool for pediatric vision screening and the early identification of stereopsis deficits.