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[Acute fever in children]

Christèle Gras-Le Guen, Élise Launay

    La Revue Du Praticien
    |July 14, 2015
    PubMed

    Insights

    Fever in children can signal serious bacterial infections (SBI) in 7% of cases. Prompt identification of toxic signs and early treatment are crucial, especially for infants aged 1-3 months.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric infectious diseases
    • Clinical microbiology
    • Evidence-based medicine

    Context:

    • Fever is a common pediatric symptom, often viral.
    • A significant percentage of children present with fever without an apparent source.
    • Serious bacterial infections (SBI) can manifest initially as fever without source.

    Purpose:

    • To highlight the importance of identifying serious bacterial infections in febrile children.
    • To emphasize the critical role of early toxic sign recognition in clinical examination.
    • To outline specific management strategies for very young children (1-3 months) with fever without source.

    Summary:

    • Fever without source occurs in 7% of children and may indicate serious bacterial infections like pneumonia, meningitis, pyelonephritis, or bacteremia.
    • Early identification of toxic signs during clinical examination is paramount for timely diagnosis.
    • Infants aged 1-3 months with fever without source require specific management, including systematic investigations and empirical antibiotic therapy due to higher SBI prevalence.

    Impact:

    • Improved diagnostic accuracy for serious pediatric infections.
    • Enhanced clinical decision-making for febrile infants.
    • Reduced morbidity and mortality associated with untreated serious bacterial infections in children.

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