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Dynamic weakening of serpentinite gouges and bare surfaces at seismic slip rates.

B P Proctor1, T M Mitchell2, G Hirth1

  • 1Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University Providence, Rhode Island, USA.

Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth
|July 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Friction experiments show serpentinite gouge has higher friction than bare rock at lower stresses. Flash heating and dehydration cause weakening in both, with gouge friction approaching bare rock friction at high stresses.

Keywords:
dynamic weakeningflash heatinghigh-velocity frictionpseudotachylyterapid metamorphismserpentinite

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Tribology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Serpentinite friction is crucial for understanding earthquake dynamics.
  • Differences in friction between serpentinite gouge and bare rock influence fault behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate frictional differences between serpentinite gouge and bare rock surfaces.
  • Examine friction at subseismic to seismic slip rates.
  • Determine the influence of normal stress and slip rate on friction.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted single and multiple-velocity step friction experiments.
  • Tested antigorite-rich and lizardite-rich serpentinite.
  • Varied slip rates from 0.003 to 6.5 m/s and normal stresses up to 97 MPa.

Main Results:

  • Serpentinite gouge exhibited higher steady-state friction than bare surfaces across tested normal stresses.
  • Gouge friction showed a strong normal stress dependence, decreasing with increasing stress.
  • Bare surfaces showed friction values around 0.1, independent of normal stress and slip rate.
  • Frictional weakening initiated at larger slip distances in gouge compared to bare surfaces.
  • X-ray diffraction and microstructural analysis revealed dehydration and melt-like textures.

Conclusions:

  • Gouge friction approaches bare rock friction at high normal stresses (≥ 60 MPa).
  • Dehydration reactions and bulk melting occur in serpentinite within 1 meter of slip.
  • Flash heating is the primary mechanism for dynamic frictional weakening in both gouge and bare surfaces.