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Flow Cytometry

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Exploring the Application of Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering-based Biosensing of Individual sEVs in Disease Diagnosis and Therapeutics

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Increased SERS detection efficiency for characterizing rare events in flow.

Kevin T Jacobs¹, Zachary D Schultz¹

¹University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.

Analytical Chemistry

|July 14, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study enhances surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) by using line focus optics with sheath-flow detection. This method improves signal quality and reproducibility for analyzing flowing aqueous samples, even at low concentrations.

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Spectroscopy
Biophysics

Background:

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful technique for detecting analytes at low concentrations.
Improving the efficiency and reproducibility of SERS measurements in flowing systems remains a challenge.
Hydrodynamic focusing is crucial for confining analytes to the SERS substrate in microfluidic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

To enhance surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements for flowing aqueous samples.
To improve the signal-to-noise ratio and reproducibility of SERS detection.
To enable the detection of rare events, such as individual lipid vesicles, using SERS.

Main Methods:

Implementation of line focus optics using a cylindrical lens in the Raman excitation laser path.
Integration of sheath-flow SERS detection with hydrodynamic focusing in a flow cell.
Utilizing COMSOL simulations and Raman mapping to analyze fluid dynamics and optical effects.

Main Results:

A 4x increase in laser power spread across the line focus improved the signal-to-noise ratio by a factor of 2.
Achieved reproducible SERS signals for various analytes (rhodamine 6G, amino acids, lipid vesicles) without photodamage.
Demonstrated reproducible detection of individual lipid vesicles, indicating successful rare event detection.

Conclusions:

Combining line focus optics with sheath-flow SERS detection significantly enhances measurement efficiency and reproducibility.
The developed method allows for sensitive and reliable analysis of flowing samples and detection of rare events.
This approach offers a promising advancement for various applications requiring high-sensitivity SERS analysis.