Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Acidity of 1-Alkynes02:42

Acidity of 1-Alkynes

11.6K

The acidic strength of hydrocarbons follows the order: Alkynes > Alkenes > Alkanes. The strength of an acid is commonly expressed in units of pKa — the lower the pKa, the stronger the acid. Among the hydrocarbons, terminal alkynes have lower pKa values and are, therefore, more acidic. For example, the pKa values for ethane, ethene, and acetylene are 51, 44, and 25, respectively, as shown here.
11.6K
Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction01:19

Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction

4.4K
Acid halides are reduced to alcohols in the presence of a strong reducing agent like lithium aluminum hydride.
The mechanism proceeds in three steps. First, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid halide to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Next, the carbonyl group is re-formed, and the halide ion departs as a leaving group, generating an aldehyde. A second nucleophilic attack by the hydride yields an alkoxide ion, which, upon protonation, gives a primary alcohol as...
4.4K
Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis01:14

Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis

4.4K
Malonic ester synthesis is a method to obtain α substituted carboxylic acids from ꞵ-diesters such as diethyl malonate and alkyl halides.
4.4K
Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

Lewis Acids and Bases

50.3K
In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
A coordinate covalent bond (or dative bond) occurs when one of the atoms in the bond provides both bonding electrons. For example, a coordinate covalent bond occurs when a water molecule combines with a hydrogen ion to form a hydronium ion. A coordinate covalent bond also results when...
50.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Selective photocatalytic mineralization of organic pollutants using eggshell- and seashell-based hydroxyapatite-TiO<sub>2</sub> composites.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Factors Affecting Solvent Retention due to Gel Formation during Dissolution-Based Plastic Recycling.

ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering·2026
Same author

Enhancement of C<sub>8</sub>-C<sub>16</sub> hydrocarbons distribution in bio-oil from the catalytic pyrolysis of animal manures using physically or chemically activated biochar catalysts.

Bioresource technology·2026
Same author

Catalytic Triad-Inspired Nanozyme Catalysts for Ester Hydrolysis in Organic Solvent Mixtures.

ACS catalysis·2026
Same author

Biomass Demineralization: A Critical Need for Future Biorefineries.

Chemical reviews·2026
Same author

Production of high-quality polyethylene (PE) films from post-consumer shrink wrap with solvent targeted recovery and precipitation (STRAP).

Waste management (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing
06:44

Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing

Published on: June 9, 2023

4.0K

Tuning Acid-Base Properties Using Mg-Al Oxide Atomic Layer Deposition.

David H K Jackson1, Brandon J O'Neill1, Jechan Lee1

  • 1†Materials Science Program, and ‡Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|July 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) precisely controlled Mg/Al ratios on gamma-alumina, tuning acid-base sites. Base site density increased with Mg, while acid sites peaked at equal Mg/Al, impacting acetone self-condensation catalysis.

Keywords:
acetone self-condensationatomic layer depositiongamma aluminamagnesium aluminum oxidepyrene butyric acidsolid base

More Related Videos

Growth and Electrostatic/chemical Properties of Metal/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures
11:54

Growth and Electrostatic/chemical Properties of Metal/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures

Published on: February 8, 2018

10.8K
Facile Preparation of Ultrafine Aluminum Hydroxide Particles with or without Mesoporous MCM-41 in Ambient Environments
05:50

Facile Preparation of Ultrafine Aluminum Hydroxide Particles with or without Mesoporous MCM-41 in Ambient Environments

Published on: May 11, 2017

11.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 7, 2026

Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing
06:44

Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing

Published on: June 9, 2023

4.0K
Growth and Electrostatic/chemical Properties of Metal/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures
11:54

Growth and Electrostatic/chemical Properties of Metal/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures

Published on: February 8, 2018

10.8K
Facile Preparation of Ultrafine Aluminum Hydroxide Particles with or without Mesoporous MCM-41 in Ambient Environments
05:50

Facile Preparation of Ultrafine Aluminum Hydroxide Particles with or without Mesoporous MCM-41 in Ambient Environments

Published on: May 11, 2017

11.4K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Gamma-alumina (γ-Al2O3) is a widely used catalyst support.
  • Controlling surface acid-base properties is crucial for catalytic applications.
  • Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) offers precise control over thin film composition and structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate the effect of Mg/Al atomic ratio on the surface properties of ALD-coated γ-Al2O3.
  • To correlate surface properties with catalytic activity in acetone self-condensation.
  • To understand the relationship between Mg incorporation and the density and proximity of acid and base sites.

Main Methods:

  • Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) for coating γ-Al2O3 particles.
  • Characterization techniques: SEM, EDS, XRD, XPS, N2 physisorption, CO2/NH3-TPD.
  • Analysis of base site proximity using fluorescence spectroscopy with 1-pyrenebutyric acid (PBA).

Main Results:

  • ALD enabled tunable Mg/Al ratios, systematically altering acid and base site densities.
  • Increasing Mg content enhanced base site density, while acid site density peaked at a 1:1 Mg/Al ratio.
  • Base site clustering correlated with acid site density, influencing catalytic performance.
  • Acetone self-condensation activity was dependent on base site density, not acid site density.

Conclusions:

  • ALD is an effective method for tailoring the surface chemistry of γ-Al2O3.
  • The Mg/Al ratio significantly impacts surface acidity, basicity, and morphology.
  • Surface base site density is the key factor governing acetone self-condensation catalysis over these materials.