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Circular RNAs: Identification, biogenesis and function.

Karoline K Ebbesen1, Jørgen Kjems1, Thomas B Hansen1

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics (MBG), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|July 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circular RNAs (ribonucleic acids) are a new class of non-coding RNA molecules. This review covers their unique structure, biogenesis, and diverse regulatory functions in gene expression.

Keywords:
Circular RNAcircRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of non-coding RNA molecules.
  • They are formed through a process called backsplicing, creating a unique covalently closed loop structure.
  • circRNAs are widely expressed and show tissue- and developmental-stage specific patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the defining features of circular RNAs.
  • To discuss potential pathways for circular RNA biogenesis.
  • To summarize the known functions of circular RNAs in gene regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on circular RNAs.
  • Analysis of studies detailing circRNA structure and formation.
  • Synthesis of findings on circRNA functions, including microRNA sponging and protein sequestration.

Main Results:

  • Circular RNAs possess a distinct structure with a covalent bond linking 3' and 5' ends.
  • They are involved in various regulatory roles, acting as microRNA sponges and sequestering RNA-binding proteins.
  • Some circRNAs also function as nuclear transcriptional regulators.

Conclusions:

  • Circular RNAs are significant participants in gene expression regulatory networks.
  • Their unique structure and diverse functions highlight their importance in cellular processes.
  • Further research into circRNA taxonomy and function is warranted.