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Patch testing to a textile dye mix by the international contact dermatitis research group
Marléne Isaksson1, Iris Ale, Klaus E Andersen
1From the *Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; †Allergy Center and Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Republic University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay; ‡Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; §Department of Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; ∥Department of Dermatology, National Skin Center, Singapore, Singapore; ¶Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital K.U.Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; #MGM Medical College, Kamothe, Mumbai, India; **Department of Dermatology UCSF, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA; and ††Division of Dermatology, Mc Gill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada.
Background:
Disperse dyes are well-known contact sensitizers not included in the majority of commercially available baseline series.
Objective:
To investigate the outcome of patch testing to a textile dye mix (TDM) consisting of 8 disperse dyes.
Methods:
Two thousand four hundred ninety-three consecutive dermatitis patients in 9 dermatology clinics were patch tested with a TDM 6.6%, consisting of Disperse (D) Blue 35, D Yellow 3, D Orange 1 and 3, D Red 1 and 17, all 1.0% each, and D Blue 106 and D Blue 124, each 0.3%. 90 reacted positively to the TDM. About 92.2% of the patients allergic to the TDM were also tested with the 8 separate dyes.
Results:
Contact allergy to TDM was found in 3.6% (1.3-18.2) Simultaneous reactivity to p-phenylenediamine was found in 61.1% of the TDM-positive patients. Contact allergy to TDM and not to other p-amino-substituted sensitizers was diagnosed in 1.2%. The most frequent dye allergen in the TDM-positive patients was D Orange 3.
Conclusions:
Over 30% of the TDM allergic patients had been missed if only the international baseline series was tested. Contact allergy to TDM could explain or contribute to dermatitis in over 20% of the patients. Textile dye mix should be considered for inclusion into the international baseline series.