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In athermal granular materials, cumulative strain drives particle diffusion, mimicking time in thermal systems. This study reveals how strain dictates particle movement and pillar deformation.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Granular Mechanics

Background:

  • Deformation-induced diffusion is crucial in amorphous granular materials.
  • Understanding particle rearrangement under stress is key to material behavior.
  • Athermal systems lack significant thermal fluctuations, requiring alternative models for diffusion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate deformation-induced diffusion in compacted granular pillars.
  • To explore the role of cumulative deviatoric strain as a driving force for particle diffusion.
  • To analyze the size-dependent deformation and yield stress of granular pillars.

Main Methods:

  • Combined experimental and simulation approaches were used.
  • Uniaxial and quasistatic compression of bidisperse cylindrical granular pillars.
  • Analysis of plastic flow and particle rearrangements via affine transformation strain and nonaffine displacement.

Main Results:

  • Nonaffine displacement shows crossover from ballistic to diffusive behavior with increasing cumulative deviatoric strain.
  • Cumulative deviatoric strain acts as the effective time variable in athermal granular systems.
  • Pillar deformation is self-similar across different sizes, with yield stress increasing linearly with pillar size.
  • Transient shear bands form, with a width approximately twice the particle diameter, independent of pillar size.

Conclusions:

  • Cumulative deviatoric strain is the primary driver of effective particle diffusion in athermal granular packings.
  • Pillar size influences yield stress and shear band formation but not shear band width.
  • The findings provide insights into the mechanics of granular materials under deformation.