Neonatal acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

The number of cases of perinatally acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) may increase as the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women increases. Physicians involved in the care of neonates must therefore be aware of the modes of transmission, clinical manifestations, and methods of diagnosis of neonatal AIDS. We report the first case of congenital AIDS in a premature infant admitted to our Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). In this report, we highlight some atypical clinical manifestations of the disease and discuss modes of transmission, epidemiology, preventive measures and some controversial aspects of management of the mother and infant.