Vertical Localization of the Malar Prominence

Area of Science:

• Plastic Surgery
• Facial Anatomy
• Aesthetics

Background:

• Accurate localization of the malar complex is crucial for symmetrical and aesthetically pleasing facial reconstruction or augmentation.
• Previous studies have not established the precise location of the malar prominence in relation to demographic factors like gender, age, or ethnicity.
• Some research has explored relating malar prominence position to the Golden Ratio (φ) for aesthetic appeal.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the vertical position of the malar prominence relative to other facial landmarks.
• To determine the consistency of this position among individuals.
• To compare the observed facial landmark ratios with those used in classical artistry, particularly those derived from the Golden Ratio.

Main Methods:

• A convenience sample of 67 patients from an otolaryngology practice was analyzed.
• The vertical location of the malar prominence was measured relative to distinct facial landmarks.
• The ratio of chin-to-malar prominence distance to chin-to-eye canthus distance was calculated.

Main Results:

• The average chin-to-malar prominence distance was found to be approximately 0.793 of the chin-to-eye canthus distance.
• Methodological consistency was validated through low coefficients of variation for image selection and reader variability.
• Population consistency was demonstrated with a low coefficient of variation (2.84%) among individuals.
• No statistically significant differences in malar prominence location were observed across gender, age, or ethnic groups (White and Hispanic).
• The determined ratio closely approximated the artistic value of 0.809, which is based on the Golden Ratio (φ).

Conclusions:

• The vertical positioning of the malar prominence exhibits significant consistency among individuals.
• The Golden Ratio provides a clinically relevant approximation for the ideal vertical position of the malar prominence.
• This established ratio can serve as a valuable reference point for surgical planning in malar complex reconstruction or augmentation procedures.