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[The piriformis syndrome].

T Pfeifer1, W F Fitz

  • 1Orthopädischen Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Klinikum, Grosshadern.

Zeitschrift Fur Orthopadie Und Ihre Grenzgebiete
|November 1, 1989
PubMed
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Piriformis syndrome, a rare cause of low back pain and sciatica, involves sciatic nerve irritation due to piriformis muscle spasm. Diagnosis and treatment involve precise injections into the muscle

Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Neurology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Low back pain and sciatica are common complaints with multiple etiologies.
  • The piriformis muscle, located deep in the buttock, plays a role in hip rotation and thigh abduction.
  • Irritation or spasm of the piriformis muscle can compress the sciatic nerve, mimicking other conditions.

Observation:

  • Symptoms of piriformis syndrome often resemble lumbar disc syndrome.
  • A key diagnostic differentiator is the absence of true neurological deficits.
  • Diagnosis is aided by rectal palpation for trigger points and assessing pain during specific thigh movements.

Findings:

  • Muscle spasm or inflammation in the piriformis muscle leads to sciatic nerve irritation.
  • Pain and weakness are noted on resisted abduction and external rotation of the thigh.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Myofascial trigger points within the piriformis muscle are identifiable through palpation.

    • Implications:

    • Accurate diagnosis of piriformis syndrome is crucial for effective treatment.
    • Targeted injections of local anesthetics and corticosteroids into the piriformis muscle provide essential therapy.
    • This approach can alleviate sciatic nerve compression and associated pain, with uncommon recurrences.