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Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines
Published on: June 23, 2019
Ultrasonic-accelerated rapid protocol for the improved synthesis of pyrazoles
Nhlanhla Gracious Shabalala1, Ramakanth Pagadala1, Sreekantha B Jonnalagadda1
1School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, Durban 4000, South Africa.
Abstract:
A simple, catalyst-free, green synthetic protocol is described for the one-pot synthesis of pyrazoles via multicomponent reaction of aromatic aldehydes, hydrazine monohydrate and ethyl acetoacetate and malononitrile/ammonium acetate in water under ultrasound irradiation. This protocol avoids traditional chromatography and purification steps and it affords highly selective conversion with no byproducts.
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