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Related Concept Videos

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
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Euchromatin01:01

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The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Quantitative Analysis of Chromatin Proteomes in Disease
08:11

Quantitative Analysis of Chromatin Proteomes in Disease

Published on: December 28, 2012

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Chromatin deregulation in disease.

Anne C Mirabella1, Benjamin M Foster1, Till Bartke2

  • 1Chromatin Biochemistry Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.

Chromosoma
|July 20, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetic diseases arise from faulty chromatin regulation, impacting gene expression and leading to various disorders. Environmental factors and genetic mutations contribute, but targeting epigenetic mechanisms offers therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
ChromatinChromatin remodelingDNA methylationEpigeneticsGene expressionHistone modifications

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms regulate gene expression, crucial for cell identity and development.
  • Aberrant chromatin regulation, due to mutations in epigenetic modifiers, underlies numerous diseases.
  • Environmental factors significantly influence the epigenome, contributing to disease predisposition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of molecular lesions in epigenetic diseases.
  • To discuss the environmental impact on epigenetic deregulation.
  • To explore the prospects of epigenetic therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on epigenetic diseases.
  • Analysis of genetic and environmental factors.
  • Discussion of therapeutic strategies targeting epigenetic regulators.

Main Results:

  • Identified mutations in chromatin regulators as key drivers of epigenetic diseases.
  • Highlighted the role of environmental exposures in disease pathogenesis.
  • Noted the development of small molecule inhibitors for epigenetic therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic diseases encompass a range of disorders with diverse origins, including monogenic and multifactorial.
  • The plasticity of chromatin regulation presents opportunities for therapeutic interventions.
  • Targeting epigenetic machinery offers a promising avenue for treating various diseases.