Intense pulsed light induces synthesis of dermal extracellular proteins in vitro

Intense pulsed light (IPL) devices have been shown to be highly effective for the skin rejuvenation. In our study, we try to elucidate effects of IPL in fibroblast proliferation, in gene expression, and in extracellular matrix protein production. 1BR3G human skin fibroblasts were used to test the effects of an IPL device (MiniSilk FT, Deka®). Fibroblasts were divided into three groups: group 1 was irradiated with filter 800-1200 nm (frequency 10 Hz, 15 s, fluence 60.1 J/cm) twice; group 2 was irradiated with filter 550-1200 nm (double pulse 5 ms + 5 ms, delay 10 ms, fluence 13 J/cm2) twice; and group 3 was irradiated with filter 550-1200 nm (frequency 10 Hz, 15 s, fluence 60.1 J/cm2) twice. To determine changes in gene expression, messenger RNA (mRNA) levels for collagen types I and III and metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) were performed 48 h after irradiation. To determine changes in hyaluronic acid, versican, and decorin, mRNA and ELISA tests were performed after 48 h of treatment. In addition to this, a Picro-Sirius red staining for collagen was made. The study showed an increase of mRNA and hyaluronic acid, decorin, and versican production. With RT-PCR assays, an increase mRNA for collagen type I, type III, and MMP-1 was observed. Collagen and hyaluronic synthesis was increased in all groups with no differences among them, while decorin and versican synthesis was higher in those groups irradiated with 550-1200-nm filters with no dependence of type pulse or total energy dose. IPL applied in vitro cultured cells increases fibroblasts activity. Synthesis of extracellular proteins seems to be produced more specifically in determined wavelengths, which could demonstrate a biochemical mechanism light depending.