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Spatial optimization of watershed management practices for nitrogen load reduction using a modeling-optimization

Guoxiang Yang1, Elly P H Best2

  • 1Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Postdoctoral Research Associate, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.

Journal of Environmental Management
|July 20, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new framework optimizes the placement of best management practices (BMPs) for cost-effective nutrient load reduction. This approach helps watershed managers achieve water quality targets by identifying optimal locations for wetland restoration and buffer strips.

Keywords:
Best management practicesBuffer stripsGenetic algorithmModeling-optimizationMulti-objective optimizationNitrogen-loadingWetland restoration

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Water Resource Management
  • Ecological Engineering

Background:

  • Non-point source pollution significantly impacts water bodies, necessitating effective nutrient load reduction strategies.
  • Current methodologies for selecting and placing best management practices (BMPs) lack cost-effectiveness, hindering watershed management.
  • Efficient BMP implementation is crucial for achieving water quality targets and protecting aquatic ecosystems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a novel modeling-optimization framework for cost-effective BMP placement.
  • To identify optimal solutions for nutrient load reduction targets using integrated GIS, water quality modeling, and optimization.
  • To evaluate the performance of wetland restoration and buffer strip implementation within the framework.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated GIS-based BMP siting with Water Quality Model-Total Daily Maximum Load-Nitrogen (WQM-TMDL-N) modeling.
  • Employed a multi-objective optimization algorithm to minimize total nitrogen (TN) load and BMP cost.
  • Applied the framework to the Tippecanoe River watershed, Indiana, USA, assessing wetland and buffer strip scenarios.

Main Results:

  • The framework successfully identified cost-effective BMP placement strategies for nutrient load reduction.
  • Wetland restoration subsets in the minimum scenario showed high N removal efficiency.
  • Buffer strips demonstrated greater load removal effectiveness compared to wetlands, with optimized solutions offering trade-offs between load reduction and cost.

Conclusions:

  • The developed framework provides a valuable tool for watershed managers to achieve water quality targets, such as a 20% TN load reduction.
  • The methodology is scalable to regional levels using NHDPlus catchments as spatial units.
  • Optimized BMP selection and placement are essential for efficient and cost-effective water quality improvement.