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Dynamically reconfigurable nanoscale modulators utilizing coupled hybrid plasmonics.

Charles Lin1, Amr S Helmy1

  • 1The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada.

Scientific Reports
|July 21, 2015
PubMed
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We developed a nanoscale modulator overcoming the extinction ratio/insertion loss trade-off using epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) effects and coupled-plasmonic waveguides. This novel design offers superior performance and dynamic reconfigurability for electro-optic modulators.

Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Designing travelling-wave electro-optic modulators involves a trade-off between extinction ratio (ER) and insertion loss (IL), impacting device footprint and energy consumption.
  • Existing modulator architectures often require significant compromises to achieve desired performance metrics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a nanoscale modulator architecture that alleviates the ER-IL trade-off.
  • To achieve dynamic reconfigurability in electro-optic modulators.
  • To improve modulator figure-of-merit and power efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) effect in indium tin oxide (ITO) for enhanced attenuation.
  • Employed a non-resonant coupled-plasmonic waveguide structure for long-range propagation.

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  • Implemented a triode-like biasing scheme for flexible control of waveguide attributes.

    • Main Results:

    • Demonstrated amplitude modulation with ER = 4.83 dB/μm, IL = 0.03 dB/μm, L3dB = 622 nm, and E = 14.8 fJ.
    • Achieved an order of magnitude improvement in modulator figure-of-merit and power efficiency.
    • Reconfigured the same waveguide for phase and 4-quadrature-amplitude modulation with short active device lengths.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed nanoscale modulator architecture effectively mitigates the ER-IL trade-off.
    • The dynamic reconfigurability and high performance offer a significant advancement in electro-optic modulation technology.
    • This approach paves the way for more efficient and versatile optical communication devices.