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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

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Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
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Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

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Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
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Dosage Regimen: Individualization01:24

Dosage Regimen: Individualization

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Individualization in dosing regimens is the customization of medication doses for individual patients. Its necessity arises from the goal of maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks. This approach is pivotal because human responses to drugs can vary widely; what is effective for one person may be inadequate or excessive for another. Interpatient (intersubject) variability refers to differences in drug responses between individuals, while intrapatient (intrasubject) variability...
294
Blinding01:11

Blinding

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Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
4.1K
Impact of Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Models: Regulatory Decisions01:15

Impact of Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Models: Regulatory Decisions

72
PK–PD modeling has significantly influenced FDA regulatory decisions, particularly drug approval, dosage optimization, and labeling. These models integrate pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) to predict drug behavior and effects, aiding in optimizing dosing regimens and enhancing the probability of clinical trial success.One notable example is Nesiritide (Natrecor®), a recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide for treating acute decompensated congestive heart failure...
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Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

556
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
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A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition
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Clinical pharmacist review: a randomised controlled trial.

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Clinical pharmacist medication review in the emergency department (ED) significantly reduced hospital admissions for older patients. This intervention improved patient outcomes without increasing length of stay or readmission rates.

Keywords:
agedemergency servicehospitalmedication reconciliationpharmacy servicepolypharmacy

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Clinical Pharmacy
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Older patients in emergency departments (EDs) often present with complex medication regimens.
  • Polypharmacy in this demographic is associated with adverse health outcomes and increased healthcare utilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of clinical pharmacist medication review on hospital admission rates and other outcomes in elderly ED patients.
  • To assess the effect of pharmacist recommendations on general practitioner (GP) acceptance.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary referral ED.
  • Participants included patients over 70 years old living at home taking more than five medications.
  • Intervention involved medication review by an experienced hospital pharmacist within the ED.

Main Results:

  • The odds of hospital admission were significantly reduced in the intervention group (OR=0.68, P=0.002).
  • No significant differences were observed in hospital length of stay, re-presentation rates, or admission to aged care facilities.
  • General practitioners accepted 49% of pharmacist recommendations.

Conclusions:

  • An experienced pharmacist's presence in the ED effectively lowers hospital admission rates for older adults.
  • Further research is needed to understand the long-term effects of GP acceptance of pharmacist recommendations.