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Related Concept Videos

Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation01:23

Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation

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Ventilators are essential medical equipment used to aid patients with respiratory difficulties. Their primary function is to assist or replace spontaneous breathing by providing mechanical ventilation. There are two general classes of mechanical ventilators: negative-pressure and positive-pressure ventilators.
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Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate01:20

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Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan01:30

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ventilation Perfusion Scans are two radiological investigations that offer detailed diagnostic images of the body, particularly lung structures.
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Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation01:23

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Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) are essential methods in respiratory care. These ventilation techniques offer unique benefits for patients with various respiratory conditions, providing adequate support without requiring intubation. Let's explore how each method is crucial in improving patient outcomes and enhancing respiratory therapy.
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Mechanical Ventilation I: Indication and Settings01:29

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Mechanical ventilation is a life-saving technique for managing acute respiratory failure and other respiratory complications. The process involves using a machine known as a ventilator to supply oxygen to the lungs and assist in removing carbon dioxide. It serves as a bridge to long-term mechanical ventilation or a temporary measure until ventilatory support is discontinued. The ventilator can maintain this function for a prolonged period, providing critical support for patients until they can...
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Oxygen therapy is a pivotal aspect of medical care, particularly for patients with respiratory ailments. Two prominent oxygen-delivering systems include the Venturi mask and the transtracheal oxygen catheter.
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Investigation of induced recirculation during planned ventilation system maintenance.

C J Pritchard1, D F Scott1, J D Noll1

  • 1C.J. Pritchard, member SME, D.F. Scott and J.D. Noll are (Mining Engineer, Physical Scientist, Research Chemist) with the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. B. Voss, member SME, and D. Leonis are (Ventilation Engineer, Mining Engineer) with Newmont Mining Corp. Paper number TP-14-014.

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Controlled recirculation in mines can improve airflow and dilute contaminants when primary ventilation is limited. Studies show modest increases in dust and diesel particulate matter, suggesting safe implementation with proper planning.

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Area of Science:

  • Mining Engineering
  • Occupational Health and Safety
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Increasing mine airflow is crucial for underground metal/nonmetal (M/NM) mine worker health and safety.
  • Controlled recirculation offers a viable solution for enhancing airflow when increasing overall mine ventilation capacity is not feasible.
  • This method involves reusing a portion of return air to supplement intake air, improving contaminant dilution and airflow velocity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of controlled recirculation on mine ventilation systems and worker exposure during reduced primary airflow conditions.
  • To evaluate the impact of controlled recirculation on airflow distribution, contaminant levels, and miner health in an underground M/NM mine.
  • To provide data for better planning and implementation of recirculation strategies in M/NM mine ventilation.

Main Methods:

  • Field investigation at a Nevada gold mine undergoing shaft rehabilitation with reduced main fan operation.
  • Monitoring of ventilation districts under normal operation and during induced controlled recirculation scenarios.
  • Measurement of airflow rates, total dust, respirable dust, and diesel particulate matter (DPM) to assess exposure levels.

Main Results:

  • Nineteen percent controlled recirculation resulted in no significant change in overall district airflow distribution but a slight decrease in fresh air intake.
  • Total and respirable dust levels increased modestly, remaining within acceptable limits.
  • Diesel particulate matter (DPM) mass flow increased, yet miner exposure levels showed only minor increases relative to the recirculation percentage.

Conclusions:

  • Controlled recirculation can be an effective strategy to maintain airflow and dilute contaminants in M/NM mines, even during periods of reduced primary ventilation.
  • While DPM mass flow increased, direct miner exposure levels were minimally affected, suggesting that ventilation modeling incorporating DPM mass flow rates can aid in planning recirculation.
  • Proper implementation and monitoring are essential to ensure the health and safety benefits of controlled recirculation in underground mining environments.