Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...

Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule

Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule

In the AX proton spin system, proton A can sense the two spin states of a coupled proton X, resulting in a doublet NMR signal with two peaks of equal (1:1) intensity. When proton A is coupled to two equivalent protons (AX2 spin system), the spin states of each X can be aligned with or against the external field, creating three possible scenarios. This results in a 1:2:1 triplet signal, where the central peak corresponds to the chemical shift of A and is twice as large or intense as the...

Doppler Effect - II

Doppler Effect - II

The Doppler effect has several practical, real-world applications. For instance, meteorologists use Doppler radars to interpret weather events based on the Doppler effect. Typically, a transmitter emits radio waves at a specific frequency toward the sky from a weather station. The radio waves bounce off the clouds and precipitation and travel back to the weather station. The radio frequency of the waves reflected back to the station appears to decrease if the clouds or precipitation are moving...

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Varifocal Alvarez metalens array for adaptive light-field imaging.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

[<sup>18</sup>F] PSMA-3Q PET/CT radiomics at 45% SUVmax threshold: predicting post-surgical ISUP grade ≥ 4 and extraprostatic extension for noninvasive stratification in prostate cancer management.

Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society·2026

Same author

Quantum Nonlocal Holography via Multichannel Metasurfaces.

Nano letters·2026

Same author

A portable NELIBS-based paper sensor for on-site trace element analysis in sewage and soil.

Biosensors & bioelectronics·2026

Same author

A Dual-Threshold Strategy Enables Reliable Biopsy-Free Diagnosis of High-Risk Prostate Cancer.

The Prostate·2026

Same author

Spatial transcriptomics of immune ecotypes for predicting immunotherapy outcomes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Oral oncology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

Manipulating the spin-dependent splitting by geometric Doppler effect.

Yachao Liu, Yougang Ke, Junxiao Zhou

|July 21, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We demonstrate tunable control over light

More Related Videos

Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms

Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms

Published on: September 25, 2020

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

Published on: February 4, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms

Demonstration of Spin-Multiplexed and Direction-Multiplexed All-Dielectric Visible Metaholograms

Published on: September 25, 2020

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

Published on: February 4, 2017

Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Metamaterials
Spin Optics

Background:

The photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) describes the spin-dependent splitting of light.
Controlling PSHE is crucial for applications in optical information processing and quantum technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the manipulation of spin-dependent splitting using the geometric Doppler effect.
To explore the tunability of this effect in dielectric metasurfaces.

Main Methods:

Extrapolating the rotational Doppler effect from temporal to spatial domains.
Designing dielectric metasurfaces with spatially rotating local optical axes.
Theoretically and experimentally analyzing the resulting phase gradients and light deflections.

Main Results:

Introduced a phase gradient by spatially varying local optical axes, additive to symmetry-breaking gradients.
Achieved tunable spin-dependent splitting (photonic spin Hall effect).
Demonstrated control over the magnitude and orientation of splitting via spatial rotation rate and incident polarization.

Conclusions:

The geometric Doppler effect provides a novel mechanism for manipulating photonic spin Hall effect.
Dielectric metasurfaces offer a tunable platform for controlling spin-dependent light splitting.
This work opens avenues for advanced optical devices with spin-controlled functionalities.