Quantum Nonlocal Holography via Multichannel Metasurfaces

Holography provides comprehensive characterization of complex light fields, laying the foundation for biological microscopy and precision measurement. Although the amplitude and phase information can be quantitatively analyzed through phase-shifting holography, the additional beam deflection during multistep phase-shifting operations and the shot noise will inevitably reduce the accuracy of holography. Here, a quantum nonlocal holography via multichannel metasurfaces (QNHM) is proposed to achieve high-quality holography under high noise levels. By integrating multiple quantum channels on the metasurface, the projection probabilities of idler photons in four polarization bases are simultaneously measured. Since the spatiotemporal field of signal photons are nonlocally modulated by the polarization of idler photons, the phase-shifting operations is completely avoided. The coincidence measurement greatly filters out the shot noise from the time domain, thereby enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio, image contrast, and accuracy. The proposed QNHM may open up feasible avenues in biomedicine, material analysis, and quantum information processing.