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Updated: Apr 6, 2026

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Plasma-assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy of N-polar InAlN-barrier High-electron-mobility Transistors
Published on: November 24, 2016
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AlGaAs/GaAs/InGaAs pnp-type vertical-cavity surface-emitting transistor-lasers
Optics Express
|July 21, 2015
Summary
Researchers developed novel transistor-lasers (T-VCSELs) by integrating a VCSEL with a transistor. These devices achieve mW output power and operate at high temperatures, paving the way for advanced optoelectronics.
Area of Science:
- Optoelectronics
- Semiconductor Devices
- Materials Science
Background:
- Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are key optoelectronic components.
- Transistor-laser integration offers potential for novel functionalities.
- Existing designs face challenges in efficiency and operating range.
Purpose of the Study:
- To design, fabricate, and analyze integrated transistor-lasers (T-VCSELs).
- To achieve efficient operation with a wide dynamic range.
- To explore high-temperature performance of integrated devices.
Main Methods:
- Homogeneous integration of InGaAs/GaAs VCSEL and AlGaAs/GaAs pnp-heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT).
- Utilized epitaxial regrowth confinement, modulation doping, and intracavity contacting.
- Investigated various design variations for internal biasing and current injection.
Main Results:
- Optimized T-VCSELs demonstrated mW-range output power.
- Achieved mA-range base threshold current.
- Devices operated effectively at temperatures up to 60°C in active transistor mode.
Conclusions:
- Successful homogeneous integration of VCSEL and HBT is demonstrated.
- The developed T-VCSELs exhibit promising performance characteristics.
- Further investigation into current confinement schemes can optimize device performance.
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