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Resolving subcycle electron emission in strong-field sequential double ionization.

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    Sequential double ionization (SDI) in argon shows evolving momentum band structures with increasing laser pulse duration. This evolution, driven by multiple electron ionization bursts, confirms subcycle electron emission.

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    Area of Science:

    • Atomic and Molecular Physics
    • Quantum Optics
    • Laser-Matter Interactions

    Background:

    • Sequential double ionization (SDI) is a key process in strong-field physics.
    • Understanding electron emission dynamics is crucial for attosecond science.
    • Previous studies often focused on shorter pulse durations or different polarization states.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the influence of laser pulse duration on SDI of argon.
    • To analyze the evolution of ion momentum distributions in response to varying pulse durations.
    • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of electron emission in SDI.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a fully classical model for simulation.
    • Studied argon atoms subjected to elliptically polarized laser pulses.
    • Analyzed ion momentum distributions across a range of laser pulse durations.

    Main Results:

    • Observed a transition in momentum band structures from two-band to four-band and six-band structures with increasing pulse duration.
    • Identified pulse-duration-dependent multiple ionization bursts of the second electron as the cause.
    • Demonstrated that these band structures are indicative of subcycle electron emission.

    Conclusions:

    • The pulse duration significantly impacts the SDI process in argon.
    • Multiple ionization bursts occurring within a single laser cycle are responsible for the observed complex band structures.
    • The findings provide unambiguous evidence for subcycle electron emission in SDI.