Modeling population and thermal lenses in the presence of Auger Upconversion for Nd(3+) doped materials

We present a theoretical model to thermal (TL) and population (PL) lenses effects in the presence of Auger upconversion (AU) for analysis of Nd(3+) doped materials. The model distinguishes and quantifies the contributions from TL and PL. From the experimental and theoretical results, the AU cannot be neglected because it plays an important role on the excited state population and therefore on the temperature and polarizability difference between excited and ground states. Considering the extensive use of these techniques, the model presented here could be useful for the investigation of materials and also to avoid misleading analysis of lenses transients.