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Mesenchymal stem cells reverse trauma and hemorrhagic shock-induced bone marrow dysfunction.

Amy V Gore1, Letitia E Bible1, David H Livingston1

  • 1Division of Trauma, Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.

The Journal of Surgical Research
|July 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reversed bone marrow dysfunction caused by lung contusion and hemorrhagic shock in rats. MSC treatment normalized hematopoietic progenitor cell growth and reduced elevated G-CSF levels, indicating recovery from injury.

Keywords:
G-CSFHematopoietic progenitor cellsHemorrhagic shockMesenchymal stem cellsTrauma

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Trauma Research
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Lung contusion (LC) and hemorrhagic shock (HS) induce persistent bone marrow (BM) dysfunction for up to 7 days.
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess immunomodulatory and healing properties.
  • This study investigated MSCs' potential to mitigate BM dysfunction following combined LC and HS (LCHS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in reversing bone marrow (BM) dysfunction after combined lung contusion and hemorrhagic shock (LCHS).
  • To assess the impact of MSC treatment on hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) growth and G-CSF levels in a rat model of LCHS.

Main Methods:

  • Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent LC plus 45 minutes of HS.
  • Allogeneic MSCs (5 × 10^6 cells) were administered intravenously post-resuscitation.
  • Bone marrow cellularity, HPC colony formation, peripheral blood HPCs, and plasma G-CSF levels were analyzed at 7 days post-injury.

Main Results:

  • LCHS significantly decreased HPC colony growth (CFU-GM, BFU-E, CFU-E) by 22-30% compared to naive controls.
  • MSC treatment restored all measured BM parameters to levels comparable to naive controls.
  • While peripheral blood HPC percentages did not differ, MSCs normalized elevated plasma G-CSF levels observed after LCHS.

Conclusions:

  • Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy effectively reverses persistent bone marrow dysfunction one week after combined lung contusion and hemorrhagic shock (LCHS) in rats.
  • MSC treatment normalizes plasma G-CSF levels and restores hematopoietic progenitor cell growth, indicating recovery from injury-induced BM suppression.
  • In vitro analysis confirmed that plasma from MSC-treated animals was not suppressive to BM cells.