Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children
Published on: March 1, 2019
Sex differences in children's investment in peers
J F Benenson1, T Morganstein2, R Roy2
1Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 McTavish Street, H3A 1Y2, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Benenson@Education.McGill.ca.
Abstract:
It is hypothesized from within an evolutionary framework that females should be less invested in peer relations than males. Investment was operationalized as enjoyment in Study 1 and as preference for interaction in Study 2. In the first study, four- and six-year-old children's enjoyment of peer interaction was observed in 26 groups of same-sex peers. Girls were rated as enjoying their interactions significantly less than boys. In the second study, six- and nine-year-old children were interviewed about the individuals with whom they spend time in their homes and neighborhoods and about the individuals who participate in their favorite activities. The proportion of individuals named by children who were peers was significantly lower for girls than boys both in children's neighborhoods and in children's favorite activities. Results strongly support the hypothesis that females and males have evolved differential preferences for interaction with peers.
Related Concept Videos
Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development
Relationship with Other Adult Family Members and Siblings
Influence of Parents and Peers on Identity
Parental Influence on Identity Development
Parents serve as primary guides and managers in an adolescent's life, offering support instrumental in decision-making and personal growth....
Adler's Individual Psychology
Sources of Self-Esteem I: Family Experience
Friendships and Close Friendships

