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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

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In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
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Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs
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Functional Integration of mRNA Translational Control Programs.

Melanie C MacNicol1,2, Chad E Cragle3, Karthik Arumugam4

  • 1Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA. Mel@UAMS.edu.

Biomolecules
|July 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Coordinated control of mRNA translation by multiple RNA binding proteins (RBPs) is crucial for cell cycle regulation. Understanding RBP interactions offers new therapeutic strategies for diseases linked to aberrant cell cycle progression.

Keywords:
CPEBMusashiRNA-binding proteincombinatorial controlmRNA translationmRNPregulation

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Regulated mRNA translation is vital for cell cycle control, impacting stem cell and cancer stem cell survival.
  • Targeting mRNA translation is a promising therapeutic avenue, yet it remains an underdeveloped strategy.
  • Coordination mechanisms of multiple RNA binding proteins (RBPs) on single mRNA targets are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the coordination mechanisms of distinct RBPs on target mRNAs.
  • To identify molecular mediators integrating multiple inputs for coordinated translational control.
  • To explore RBP diplomacy and conflict resolution in translational regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing knowledge on combinatorial mRNA translation control.
  • Analysis of ribonucleoprotein complex assembly on mRNAs with single versus multiple RBPs.
  • Drawing parallels from Xenopus laevis oocyte maturation models.

Main Results:

  • Identified the need to characterize altered ribonucleoprotein complex components.
  • Highlighted the complexity of coordinating distinct RBPs on shared mRNA targets.
  • Emphasized the potential for RBP interactions to resolve conflicting regulatory signals.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding coordinated RBP action is key to deciphering mRNA translational control.
  • Studying ribonucleoprotein complex dynamics can reveal novel therapeutic targets.
  • This research may lead to new treatments for diseases involving aberrant cell cycle progression.