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Related Concept Videos

Nursing Implementation01:15

Nursing Implementation

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Implementation is the execution of the nursing care plan developed during the planning phase.
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Planning for learning involves the development of a teaching plan. Teaching plans are similar to nursing care plans—both follow the steps of the nursing process. Planning in the teaching process involves setting goals and outcomes. Here, goals identify what a patient needs to achieve to understand a healthcare topic better, whereas the outcomes are the action to be performed by the patient to achieve the goal within a timeframe. For example, if the goal is to educate the patient about...
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Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
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Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

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Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
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Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

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Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

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Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
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The Participant-Reported Implementation Update and Score PRIUS: A Novel Method for Capturing Implementation-Related Data Over Time
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PrEP implementation: moving from trials to policy and practice.

Carlos F Cáceres1, Kevin R O'Reilly2, Kenneth H Mayer3

  • 1Center for Interdisciplinary Studies in Sexuality, AIDS and Society, Cayetano Heredia University, Lima, Peru; Carlos.caceres@upch.pe.

Journal of the International AIDS Society
|July 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New strategies like oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) show promise in reducing HIV infections. Optimal implementation requires addressing social, political, and logistical barriers through multidisciplinary research and evidence dissemination.

Keywords:
HIVPrEPimplementation sciencekey populationsscale-up

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Disease Prevention
  • HIV/AIDS Research

Background:

  • The global HIV response necessitates significant reductions in new infections for sustainability.
  • Research has focused on behavioral and biomedical strategies for HIV prevention over two decades.
  • Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) using tenofovir/emtricitabine has demonstrated efficacy.

Discussion:

  • Optimal PrEP implementation faces social, political, and logistical barriers.
  • Disseminating new evidence and conducting interdisciplinary implementation research are crucial.
  • This involves social science, policy, ethics, health systems, and economic perspectives.

Key Insights:

  • A special issue co-organized by NEMUS and WHO addresses PrEP implementation challenges.
  • Papers cover diverse country cases, social science concerns, and economic efficiency.
  • The collection highlights key aspects of the complex discussions surrounding PrEP.

Outlook:

  • This publication offers timely contributions from global HIV research and policy leaders.
  • It adopts a trans-disciplinary approach, addressing geographic diversity and complex issues.
  • The resource aims to support policymakers, program managers, researchers, and activists during a paradigm shift in HIV response.