Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 6, 2026
07:33
Fluorescent Leakage Assay to Investigate Membrane Destabilization by Cell-Penetrating Peptide
Published on: December 19, 2020
7.3K
Classes of Cell-Penetrating Peptides
1Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 23a Riia Street, Tartu, 51010, Estonia, mpooga@ut.ee.
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|July 24, 2015
Summary
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) facilitate molecule entry into cells. This study classifies CPPs by origin and properties, analyzing their diverse cellular uptake mechanisms.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Cell Biology
- Drug Delivery Systems
Background:
- Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are crucial tools for delivering molecules into cells.
- Their application has expanded significantly over three decades, with ongoing research for novel sequences.
- Understanding CPP uptake mechanisms is vital for optimizing their use in research and therapeutics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present classification strategies for CPPs.
- To analyze CPP internalization mechanisms based on their characteristics.
Main Methods:
- Classification of CPPs based on origin, physicochemical properties, and design.
- Analysis of internalization mechanisms correlated with physicochemical properties.
Main Results:
- CPPs exhibit diverse uptake mechanisms despite the common goal of cell penetration.
- Classification based on origin, properties, and design offers insights into CPP behavior.
- Physicochemical characteristics influence specific internalization pathways.
Conclusions:
- A structured classification of CPPs aids in understanding their varied mechanisms of action.
- Further research into CPP classification and internalization pathways will enhance their therapeutic potential.
- Tailoring CPP design based on physicochemical properties can optimize cellular delivery.
Related Concept Videos
01:23Inhibitors of Gram-positive Cell Wall Synthesis
83
Bacterial cell walls are typically rigid structures composed mainly of peptidoglycan, a mesh-like polymer that provides mechanical strength and maintains cell shape. The synthesis of peptidoglycan is a crucial process in bacterial growth and serves as a primary target for many antibiotics.Mechanism of Action of Beta-Lactam AntibioticsBeta-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin, inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis in actively growing cells. These antibiotics share a characteristic four-membered...
83
01:25Selectins
4.8K
Cell adhesion is an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain,...
4.8K
01:41Signal Sequences and Sorting Receptors
15.8K
Signal sequences are short amino acid sequences that guide newly synthesized proteins to their proper location within the cell. Classical signal sequences are fifteen to sixty amino acids long and present at the N-terminus of a polypeptide chain. Each signal sequence has a conserved segment of basic residues towards their N terminus, a hydrophobic core, and a C-terminus rich in polar residues. The C-terminus also contains a signal cleavage site and features a -3 -1 sequence motif. The -3-1...
15.8K
01:38Receptor-mediated Endocytosis
113.5K
Overview
113.5K
01:28Types of Membrane Protrusions
3.9K
The protrusion of the cell surface is an initial step for several cellular processes, including cell migration, phagocytosis, and neurite outgrowth. These membrane protrusions are a result of cytoskeletal rearrangement. The most widely observed cell protrusions include lamellipodia, pseudopodia, filopodia, microvilli, invadopodia, and podosomes. These protrusions can be of two types — static or dynamic.
The microvilli, an example of stable protrusions, are finger-like projections...
The microvilli, an example of stable protrusions, are finger-like projections...
3.9K
01:35Cancer Cell Migration through Invadopodia
3.5K
Invadosome is a broad category of cell surface structures with proteolytic activity that degrades the extracellular matrix (ECM). Invadosomes are present in normal cell types, including macrophages, endothelial cells, and neurons, as well as tumor cells. Although the macrophage podosomes and tumor cell invadopodia are classified as invadosomes, they have different structures, molecular pathways, and functions. Podosomes are short structures that last for a few minutes. However,...
3.5K