CONGENITAL HEART MALFORMATIONS IN NEWBORN BABIES WITH LOW BIRTH WEIGHT

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Pediatrics
• Public Health

Background:

• Congenital heart malformations (CHMs) are a major public health concern.
• CHMs occur frequently in low birth weight newborns, increasing complication risks.
• Understanding CHM epidemiology in this population is vital for timely therapeutic approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the epidemiology of cardiovascular malformations in low birth weight newborns.
• To explore correlations between CHMs and genetic/environmental factors.
• To assess complications and guide therapeutic management.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective study of 271 pediatric cardiology patients (Jan 2011-Dec 2013).
• Data collected via anamnesis, clinical, biological, and imagistic examinations.
• Patients analyzed based on malformation type, origin, and birth weight status.

Main Results:

• CHMs accounted for 44.13% of pediatric cardiovascular hospitalizations.
• Non-cyanogenic CHMs (95%) were more prevalent than cyanogenic (5%).
• High incidence in premature low birth weight (48%) and very low birth weight (22%) infants; 71% from rural areas. Common complications include heart failure, hypertension, and respiratory infections. Mortality peaked in the first year, with one-third linked to chromosomal abnormalities.

Conclusions:

• CHMs in low birth weight newborns represent a substantial portion of pediatric cardiovascular cases.
• Association with other congenital anomalies and complications necessitates interdisciplinary care.
• Close monitoring of anatomical and functional parameters is essential for optimal development.