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CONGENITAL HEART MALFORMATIONS IN NEWBORN BABIES WITH LOW BIRTH WEIGHT

Alina-Costina Luca, Andreea-Simona Holoc, C Iordache

    Revista Medico-Chirurgicala a Societatii De Medici Si Naturalisti Din Iasi
    |July 25, 2015
    PubMed

    Insights

    Congenital heart malformations are a significant public health issue, particularly in low birth weight newborns. Early detection and interdisciplinary collaboration are crucial for managing these complex cardiovascular diseases.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Pediatrics
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Congenital heart malformations (CHMs) are a major public health concern.
    • CHMs occur frequently in low birth weight newborns, increasing complication risks.
    • Understanding CHM epidemiology in this population is vital for timely therapeutic approaches.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the epidemiology of cardiovascular malformations in low birth weight newborns.
    • To explore correlations between CHMs and genetic/environmental factors.
    • To assess complications and guide therapeutic management.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective study of 271 pediatric cardiology patients (Jan 2011-Dec 2013).
    • Data collected via anamnesis, clinical, biological, and imagistic examinations.
    • Patients analyzed based on malformation type, origin, and birth weight status.

    Main Results:

    • CHMs accounted for 44.13% of pediatric cardiovascular hospitalizations.
    • Non-cyanogenic CHMs (95%) were more prevalent than cyanogenic (5%).
    • High incidence in premature low birth weight (48%) and very low birth weight (22%) infants; 71% from rural areas. Common complications include heart failure, hypertension, and respiratory infections. Mortality peaked in the first year, with one-third linked to chromosomal abnormalities.

    Conclusions:

    • CHMs in low birth weight newborns represent a substantial portion of pediatric cardiovascular cases.
    • Association with other congenital anomalies and complications necessitates interdisciplinary care.
    • Close monitoring of anatomical and functional parameters is essential for optimal development.
    Abstract

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