Technical characteristics of current cardiotocographic monitors

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Obstetrics
• Perinatology

Background:

• Cardiotocographic (CTG) monitors are essential electronic devices for monitoring fetal well-being during pregnancy and labor.
• These devices acquire, process, and display fetal heart rate (FHR) and uterine contraction (UC) signals.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe the main characteristics of current Cardiotocographic (CTG) monitors.
• To facilitate a better understanding of CTG technology for clinical application.

Main Methods:

• External monitoring utilizes ultrasound transducers for FHR and tocodynamometers for UC.
• Internal monitoring employs fetal electrodes for FHR and intrauterine pressure sensors for UC, offering higher precision.
• Advanced features include fetal movement registration, multi-fetal monitoring, and maternal parameter tracking.

Main Results:

• External monitoring is recommended for routine antepartum and intrapartum use.
• Internal monitoring provides more precise FHR and UC data during labor but has specific contraindications.
• Various advanced features enhance the capabilities of modern CTG monitors.

Conclusions:

• A comprehensive understanding of CTG monitor characteristics is crucial for optimal clinical use.
• The choice between external and internal monitoring depends on the clinical context and required precision.
• Technological advancements in CTG monitoring continue to improve fetal surveillance capabilities.