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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

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The neural network associated with lexical-semantic knowledge about social groups.

Luca Piretti1, Andrea Carnaghi2, Fabio Campanella3

  • 1SISSA, Trieste, Italy.

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|July 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Knowledge about social groups is processed differently than living or non-living things. Left-hemisphere brain lesions in specific areas like the inferior frontal gyrus impact social group understanding, suggesting a link to affective processing.

Keywords:
Brain tumorsCategory-specificitySemanticsSocial cognitionSocial groups

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Cognition

Background:

  • Human cognition involves appraising individuals as unique entities or as members of social groups.
  • The neural representation of social group knowledge, distinct from living and non-living things, remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether knowledge about social groups is neurally represented independently of knowledge about living and non-living things.
  • To identify brain regions critical for the lexical-semantic processing of social groups using lesion-symptom mapping.

Main Methods:

  • Patients with frontal and temporal lobe tumors (left or right hemisphere) performed lexical-semantic tasks.
  • Tasks included picture naming, word-to-picture matching, and picture sorting for living things, non-living things, and social groups.
  • Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) analyzed naming errors to correlate lesion location with processing deficits.

Main Results:

  • Behavioral and VLSM analyses indicated that social group knowledge may be represented differently from other categories.
  • Left-lateralized lesions in the inferior frontal gyrus, amygdala, insula, and basal ganglia were significantly associated with social group processing errors.
  • These specific brain regions are often implicated in affective processing.

Conclusions:

  • Social group representation appears to rely on distinct neural mechanisms compared to knowledge of living and non-living entities.
  • The findings suggest that areas involved in affective processing play a crucial role in understanding social groups.
  • This research provides insights into the neural basis of social cognition and semantic memory.