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Cognitive Reserve as a Protective Factor for Visuospatial Ability in Healthy Aging.

Marika Mauti^1,2, Elena Allegretti¹, Raffaella I Rumiati^3,4

¹Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)

|December 11, 2025

Summary

Cognitive reserve (CR) protects visuospatial skills in older adults. Higher CR scores improved accuracy in mental rotation and hand laterality tasks, showing a context-dependent resource allocation.

Keywords:

aging cognitive reserve mental rotation visuospatial abilities

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychology
Gerontology

Background:

Cognitive Reserve (CR) explains individual differences in resilience to age-related cognitive decline.
Research on CR has focused on memory and language, leaving visuospatial processing underexplored.
Visuospatial skills are critical for everyday functioning in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between CR and visuospatial task performance in healthy older adults.
To determine if the Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire (CRIq) predicts performance in mental rotation tasks.
To explore how CR influences cognitive resource allocation in visuospatial processing.

Main Methods:

Participants aged 55-85 completed hand laterality and letter-congruency tasks.
Mental rotation tasks assessed visuospatial processing abilities.
Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire (CRIq) measured cognitive reserve.

Main Results:

Higher CRIq scores significantly predicted greater accuracy in both visuospatial tasks.
Cognitive reserve demonstrated a protective effect on accuracy.
Efficiency benefits were observed mainly under moderate task demands, indicating context-dependent resource modulation.

Conclusions:

This study is the first to show a modulatory role of CR on visuospatial abilities in healthy older adults.
Findings suggest CR differentially affects cognitive functions, including attention and spatial processing.
Understanding CR mechanisms can inform interventions for successful aging and cognitive resilience.