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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

8.4K
Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

149
Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
149
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

183
Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
183
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

175
Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
175
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

217
Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
217
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

1.6K
Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency
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Immediate hypersensitivity reactions to corticosteroids.

Adesh Patel1, Sami L Bahna1

  • 1Allergy & Immunology Section, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, Louisiana.

Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology
|July 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immediate hypersensitivity reactions to corticosteroids, though rare, can manifest as anaphylaxis or urticaria. Physicians should identify safe alternatives as these reactions may be under-reported.

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Basophil Activation Test for Investigation of IgE-Mediated Mechanisms in Drug Hypersensitivity
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Immediate hypersensitivity reactions to corticosteroids are infrequently reported.
  • These reactions can range from mild to life-threatening, impacting patient care and treatment options.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and classify immediate hypersensitivity reactions to corticosteroids.
  • To analyze manifestations, routes of exposure, implicated drugs, diagnostic methods, and management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive PubMed search was conducted for English-language publications from 2004 to 2014.
  • Included were reports of immediate hypersensitivity reactions (onset < 24 hours) to corticosteroids, excluding delayed reactions like contact dermatitis.

Main Results:

  • 120 reactions in 106 patients were identified, with anaphylaxis (60.8%) and urticaria/angioedema (26.7%) being most common.
  • Intravenous administration was the most frequent route (44.2%), with methylprednisolone (40.8%) and prednisolone (20.0%) being most implicated; inactive ingredients also played a role (28.3%).
  • Diagnosis relied on history and challenge testing, with positive skin tests in 74.1%; most patients tolerated alternative preparations.

Conclusions:

  • Corticosteroids are rare but potentially under-reported causes of immediate hypersensitivity.
  • Physicians need awareness of these reactions to ensure accurate diagnosis and identify safe alternative corticosteroid preparations.