Establishment of a neovascular bed in a collagen-impregnated polyurethane sponge

A technique for promoting vascularization of a polyurethane sponge is demonstrated in the present study. Collagen-impregnated polyurethane sponges (Hypol, 2002) Foamable Hydrophilic Prepolymer (FHP) were implanted in the femoral fossa of rats for 1 day to 6 weeks. The ligated femoral artery/vein was pulled through the sponges to facilitate more complete neovascularization. Light-microscopic evaluation of the implanted sponges revealed that significant vascularization had occurred by the seventh day of implantation, and was maximal by the fourth to sixth week. Sponges containing collagen had a more thorough vascularization process than sponges without collagen, perhaps due to a more uniform pore size as demonstrated by scanning EM. Time course studies suggested that the artery/vein pull-through enhanced the development of the neovascularization process in the center of the sponges. We conclude that significant vascular tissue in-growth can be developed in polyurethane sponges and that both collagen and centrally placed blood vessels help promote the vascularization process. Potential applications could extend to a variety of bioartificial systems including endocrine or hepatic transplantation, soft-tissue prosthetic materials, bone grafts, or drug delivery systems. Further studies would be useful in providing additional information on the factors promoting neovascularization, and on the potential applications of this methodology using the present or similar biomaterials.