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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors

The role of the detectors in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is to analyze the solutes as they exit from the chromatographic column. The detector recognizes the solute's property and generates corresponding electrical signals, which are converted into a readable graph of the detector's response versus elution time called a chromatogram at the computer. There are several types of HPLC detectors, each with its own advantages and limitations, depending on the analyte...

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...

Gas Chromatography: Overview of Detectors

Gas Chromatography: Overview of Detectors

Detectors in gas chromatography (GC) help identify and quantify the components of a mixture by translating chemical properties into measurable signals, which are displayed on a chromatogram. Detectors can be categorized into two main types: destructive and non-destructive.
A non-destructive detector allows a sample to be analyzed without altering or consuming it, meaning the sample can be collected after detection for further analysis. Examples include thermal conductivity detectors and...

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-I

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-I

There are different types of detectors used in gas chromatography, each with its own specific properties that make it suitable for detecting certain types of analytes. The most commonly used detectors in GC are thermal conductivity detector (TCD), flame ionization detector (FID), and electron capture detector (ECD).
TCD is the earliest and most widely used detector that operates by measuring the changes in the thermal conductivity of the carrier gas. When a sample compound enters the detector,...

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument consists of glass bottles for storing solvents called mobile phase reservoirs. HPLC-grade solvents are used to maintain high purity, and the dissolved gases are removed using a degasser, such as a vacuum pumping system or sparging with helium. The solvents are then pumped into the analytical column using a screw-driven syringe or reciprocating pumps.

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:

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Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Quantitative Detection of Trace Explosive Vapors by Programmed Temperature Desorption Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector

Quantitative Detection of Trace Explosive Vapors by Programmed Temperature Desorption Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector

Published on: July 25, 2014

Aerosol-based detectors for liquid chromatography.

Lars-Erik Magnusson¹, Donald S Risley¹, John A Koropchak²

¹Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, United States.

Journal of Chromatography. A

|July 28, 2015

Summary

This review covers aerosol-based detectors for liquid chromatography, including evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD), condensation nucleation light scattering detection (CNLSD), and charged aerosol detection (CAD). It compares their principles, characteristics, and applications.

Keywords:

Aerosol-based detectors Liquid chromatography detectors Universal detectors

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Published on: December 15, 2015

Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Chromatography

Background:

Aerosol-based detectors offer sensitive, universal detection for liquid chromatography.
Recent decades have seen significant advancements in these detector technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review operating principles, instrumentation, analytical characteristics, and applications of three aerosol-based detectors.
To provide a comparative evaluation of evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD), condensation nucleation light scattering detection (CNLSD/NQAD), and charged aerosol detection (CAD).

Main Methods:

Literature review of aerosol-based detector technologies.
Analysis of operating principles and instrumentation.
Evaluation of analytical characteristics and recent applications.

Main Results:

Detailed overview of ELSD, CNLSD (NQAD), and CAD technologies.
Comparative assessment of their performance and suitability for various applications.
Identification of trends and advancements in the field.

Conclusions:

Aerosol-based detectors are crucial for modern liquid chromatography.
Understanding their comparative characteristics aids in method development and instrument selection.
These detectors continue to evolve, expanding their analytical utility.