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Binocular vision, age and symptoms.

A A Yekta¹, L D Pickwell, T C Jenkins

¹Postgraduate School of Optometry, University of Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK.

Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)

|April 1, 1989

Summary

As people age, near vision issues like fixation disparity increase. Fixation disparity and associated heterophoria correlate with binocular vision problems, unlike traditional heterophoria measurements.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Optometry
Vision Science

Background:

Age-related changes in binocular vision can impact visual comfort and function.
Understanding these changes is crucial for diagnosing and managing visual anomalies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate age-related changes in heterophoria, associated heterophoria, fixation disparity, and stereopsis for near vision.
To determine the relationship between these measures and reported visual symptoms.

Main Methods:

A sample of 187 subjects aged 10-65 years was divided into six age groups.
Measurements included heterophoria, associated heterophoria, fixation disparity, and stereopsis for near vision.
Correlation analysis was performed between visual measures and reported symptoms.

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Main Results:

Heterophoria, associated heterophoria, and fixation disparity increased in the exo-direction with age.
Stereopsis remained unchanged across age groups.
Fixation disparity and associated heterophoria correlated with near vision symptoms, but heterophoria measurements did not.

Conclusions:

Fixation disparity and associated heterophoria are valuable indicators of binocular vision problems in near vision across all ages.
Traditional heterophoria measurements and forced vergence fixation disparity curves may not be optimal for assessing binocular vision anomalies.