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Chromosomal polymorphism in mammals: an evolutionary perspective.

Gauthier Dobigny1, Janice Britton-Davidian2, Terence J Robinson3

  • 1Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR IRD-INRA-Cirad-Montpellier SupAgro), Campus International de Baillarguet, CS30016, 34988, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France.

Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
|August 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Mammalian chromosome rearrangements (CRs) show surprising gaps in understanding, particularly non-meiotic impacts of karyotypic polymorphism. This review identifies promising taxa for studying chromosomal change and its role in mammalian diversification.

Keywords:
Mammaliachromosome rearrangementgenome evolutionkaryotype evolutionpolymorphismpopulation cytogenetics

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genetics
  • Mammalogy

Background:

  • Chromosome rearrangements (CRs) are crucial for genome evolution.
  • The evolutionary impacts of early karyotypic differentiation, specifically chromosomal polymorphism, are not well understood, especially non-meiotic effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review data on mammalian chromosomal polymorphisms.
  • To identify taxa suitable for further research on chromosomal change.
  • To address key questions regarding the extent, types, lineage-specificity, and persistence of mammalian chromosomal polymorphisms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing data on mammalian chromosomal polymorphisms.
  • Analysis of patterns of karyotype variation across mammalian lineages.
  • Identification of research gaps and future directions.

Main Results:

  • Mammalian karyotypes exhibit varying degrees of polymorphism involving different types of rearrangements.
  • Certain mammalian lineages appear more prone to chromosomal polymorphism, often correlating with a history of karyotype repatterning.
  • The persistence of chromosomal polymorphisms in mammals requires further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding chromosomal polymorphism is essential for comprehending mammalian genome evolution and diversification.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the non-meiotic impacts and evolutionary significance of chromosomal polymorphisms.
  • Identifying specific mammalian taxa can facilitate detailed studies into the mechanisms and consequences of chromosomal change.