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Updated: Apr 6, 2026

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[Noma].

N Zwetyenga1, L-A See2, J Szwebel3

  • 1Service de stomatologie, chirurgie maxillo-faciale, chirurgie plastique esthétique et reconstructrice, chirurgie de la main, centre hospitalier universitaire de Dijon, boulevard Delattre-de-Tassigny, 21000 Dijon, France; Laboratoire EA 4268 4IS, université de Franche-Comte, place Saint-Jacques, 35000 Besançon, France.

Revue De Stomatologie, De Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale Et De Chirurgie Orale
|August 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Noma, a severe necrotizing stomatitis, disproportionately affects malnourished children in the Sahel. Rapidly progressing, it causes extensive tissue loss and has a high mortality rate, necessitating urgent intervention.

Keywords:
ChildrenEnfantsGangrenousGangrèneMalnutritionMicrobiomeMicrobiome oralNoma

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Area of Science:

  • Oral Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Context:

  • Noma is a devastating necrotizing ulcerative stomatitis with ancient origins.
  • Primarily affects malnourished children under six in impoverished regions, particularly the Sahel.
  • Hundreds of thousands of cases are reported annually, with rare occurrences in immunocompromised adults.

Purpose:

  • To describe the etiology, clinical presentation, and high mortality of Noma.
  • To highlight the severe functional, aesthetic, and social sequelae in survivors.
  • To outline the treatment goals for both acute and sequelae phases of Noma.

Summary:

  • Noma rapidly progresses due to bacterial endotoxins, causing extensive soft tissue and bone destruction.
  • Characterized by rapid necrosis, leading to significant facial defects and a high fatality rate (80%).
  • Survivors face lifelong functional, aesthetic, psychological, and social challenges.

Impact:

  • Emphasizes the critical need for early diagnosis and intervention to improve survival rates.
  • Underscores the complex multidisciplinary management required for acute Noma and its sequelae.
  • Aims to improve patient outcomes and facilitate social reintegration through comprehensive care.