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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
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Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy
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Lingual thyroid: can we 'wait and see'?

Clara Magalhães1, Paula Azevedo1, Roberto Nakamura1

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Pedro Hispano Hospital, Matosinhos, Portugal.

BMJ Case Reports
|August 5, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A rare case of lingual thyroid, a thyroid gland in the tongue base, was diagnosed in a woman with throat fullness. Treatment with levothyroxine suppression therapy was stopped due to side effects, with the patient remaining asymptomatic.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Head and Neck Surgery

Background:

  • Lingual thyroid is a rare congenital anomaly resulting from aberrant thyroid tissue migration.
  • It can present with various symptoms including dysphagia, dyspnea, and neck mass.

Observation:

  • A 42-year-old woman presented with a 1-month history of throat fullness and dry cough.
  • Physical examination revealed a midline tongue base mass. Cervical ultrasound showed no thyroid tissue in the normal location.
  • Neck MRI and scintigraphy confirmed a lingual thyroid. Thyroid function tests were normal.

Findings:

  • Levothyroxine suppression therapy was initiated to reduce the lingual thyroid mass size.
  • The patient experienced palpitations and angina pectoris, leading to discontinuation of the therapy.
  • After 3 years of follow-up, the patient remains asymptomatic and under clinical surveillance.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the diagnostic challenges and management considerations for lingual thyroid.
  • Conservative management with surveillance may be appropriate for asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic cases.
  • Hormonal suppression therapy should be carefully monitored for potential adverse effects.