Redesign and treatment planning orbital floor reconstruction using computer analysis anatomical landmarks

Area of Science:

• Anatomy
• Maxillofacial Surgery
• Oculoplastics

Background:

• Orbital floor fractures are common maxillofacial injuries.
• Restoring the orbital floor is challenging due to poor visibility and anatomical complexity.
• Accurate anatomical knowledge is crucial for successful orbital reconstruction.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the anatomical locations of the inferior orbital fissure (IOF), infraorbital groove (G), and infraorbital foramen (Fo).
• To analyze their relationship with the orbital floor using software-based measurements.
• To identify reliable surgical landmarks for orbital floor reconstruction.

Main Methods:

• Utilized software to measure distances and angles between key orbital landmarks in 268 orbits.
• Calculated measurements from the inferior orbital rim (IOR), optic canal (OC), IOF, G, and Fo.
• Identified accessory infraorbital foramina (AcFo) and their spatial relationships.

Main Results:

• Established mean distances and angles between IOF, G, Fo, OC, and IOR.
• Found accessory foramina in 20.9% of specimens, often located superomedially.
• Recommended IOF and G as reliable surgical landmarks, suggesting an equilateral triangle (IS-G-IOF) for reconstruction.

Conclusions:

• The IOF and G are recommended as reliable oculoplastic surgical landmarks for orbital floor identification.
• Understanding anatomical variations, including accessory foramina, is crucial for personalized reconstruction.
• Maintaining the infraorbital nerve and artery during reconstruction is paramount for optimal outcomes.